Ciidamada millatariga ayaa xiray waxyaabo kala duwan oo muuqda illaa qarniyo si ay u abuuraan faa'iido nafsaani ah ayna kor u qaadaan garabkooda, laakiin adeegsiga milatari ee budhcad-badeedku waa dhacdadii ugu dambaysay.
Qarniyadii 16aad iyo 17aad, Blue Bonnet wuxuu noqday calaamad xaqiiqo ah oo ka mid ah xoogagga Scottish-ga. Faransiiska Chasseurs alpins, oo la abuuray horraantii 1880, ayaa loo aqoonsan yahay inay tahay qaybta koowaad ee caadiga ah ee lagu xidho boodhka millatari iyaga oo ah madaxooda caadiga ah.
Mid ka mid ah sababaha uu betku u soo jiidan karo militariga sida sheyga ujeedka ah waa in ay jaban yihiin, fududahay in la sameeyo tiro badan oo lagu soo saaro noocyo kala duwan oo midabyo ah. Laga soo bilaabo aragtida askariga ah, dhirta ayaa la duubi karaa oo la galin karaa jeebka (ama epaulette shaashadda hoose) iyada oo aan wax dhaawac ah, waana la gashan karaa marka la xirto dhagaxyada madaxa.
Diyaaradaha dagaalka ayaa sida caadiga ah loo riixay inay xaq u yeeshaan inay garab ka riixaan garbaha khatarta ah ee askarta badankooda (inkastoo qaar ka mid ah ciidammada waddanka - badanaa Yurub, Koonfurta Ameerika iyo Iran ay saameyn ku yeesheen riixa dhinaca bidixda.
Isticmaalka ballaadhan ee beret ka mid ah ciidammada reer galbeedku ma bilaabin ilaa qarnigii 20aad, markii taangiyadii Faransiiska ee Dagaalkii Dunida ee ku yaallay labadaba labadaba Basque yar yar iyo noocyo kala duwan.
Taariikhda Beret
1920-kii, shaqaalaha maraakiibta Britishka ayaa arin ku leh khadadka adeega khaki. Daboolka waa inuu dib u xirxiraa si uu u isticmaalo indhoshareenta qoraxda, iyadoo qoorta loo xirxiray si uu u ilaaliyo madaxa booyadda.
Sababtoo ah waxay ahayd dhar cad udoon ee dharka, ayaa ugu dhakhsaha badnayd inuu noqodo mastoolo loogu talagalay lakabyo dufan ah sida ay isugu xidheen oo ay ku hagaajiyeen farta fiiqan. Oo sidaas daraaddeed waxay bilaabeen inay raadiyaan meel kale.
Waxay ahayd 1924-kii markii booyadaha ay ku soo baxeen dharka madow, oo cabbirkoodu hoos udhacay laba qaybood oo Faransiis ah.
Beret waxaa lagu xiray maqaar madow oo ku yaala xargaha laysku hagaajin karo oo u orday si loo xiro dhabarka dambe. Xayawaan kasta oo dufan ah ayaa lagu arki waayay dhogorta madow.
Markay booyadaha Britishka ay ku daraan calaamadda "Fear Naught" ee caan ka ah indhaha bidix, waxay lahaayeen jumlad yar oo jilicsan oo gaabis ah oo si dhakhso ah u noqotay caan u ah farqiinteeda waxayna sii korodhay inay noqoto calaamadda qaababka jilicsan ee dunida ku yaalla.
Ciidamadii milatariga ahaa ee xayawaanka ayaa kor u kacay intii lagu jiray xilligii dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka markii Ingiriisku ay ku bixiyeen madax-dhowrka noocyo kala duwan - oo ay ku jiraan noocyo kala duwan oo caleemo qakiin ah oo ay qaateen ciidamo gaar ah oo adeegsanaya Air Air Services iyo noocyo kala duwan oo maraan ah oo ay ku duubnaayeen ciidankii ugu horreeyay ee Britain, ayaa loo yaqaan 'keega cherry'.
Legend wuxuu leeyahay in midabka laga soo qaaday ra'iisul wasaare Daphne du Maurier, xaaskiisa Maj Gen. Frederick Browning, oo ka mid ah geesiyaalkii ugu quruxda badnaa ee Britain ee qurxinta World War II.
Xilliga Berets ee Maraykanka
Isticmaalkii ugu horreeyay ee casriga casriga ah ee askariga Maraykanka wuxuu ahaa 1943-dii, markii gumeysiga ciidanka ee 509-kii fashilmay ee Parachute Infantry lagu siiyay laaluush maroodi ah oo ay u adeegsadeen asxaabtooda British ah adeegyadooda dagaalka.
Sannadkii 1951, ciidamada badda waxay tijaabiyeen cagaarka cagaaran iyo kuwa buluugga ah, laakiin way diideen sababtoo ah waxay u egyihiin "ajnabi" iyo "dumar".
Markii ugu horeysay ee isticmaalka dareenka gaaban ee ciidamada Maraykanku waxa uu yimid wax yar ka dib, markii urur ciidan oo cusub oo si khaas ah loogu tababaray dagaalka lagula kaco dagaalyahanka dagaalka iyo dagaalka lagula jiro argagixisada ayaa bilaabay (oo aan rasmi ahayn) isagoo xiran noocyo cagaaran ah 1953. Waxa uu qaatay sideed sano oo kale ciidanka Ciidamada Gaarka ah - "Green Berets" - inay ku guulaystaan ogolaanshaha madaxweynenimada John F. Kennedy si ay u sameeyaan madaxdooda rasmiga ah, iyo sannadkii 1961 cirifka cagaaran ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Maraykanka ayaa si rasmi ah loo ansixiyay.
Sannadkii 1970-yadii, siyaasadda ciidanku waxay u oggolaatay taliyeyaasha maxalliga ah in ay dhiirigeliyaan kala soocidda farshaxanka-kor u qaadista kala-soocidda, iyo isticmaalka dhirbaaxada. Shaqaalaha Armiga ee Fort Knox, Ky., Waxay soo xirteen baaskiilada Britishka ah ee madow, halka Maraykanku u adeegsaday gawaarida dagaalka ee Jarmalku ay gashadeen madow madow oo leh casaan iyo casaan cad.
Ciidamo ka tirsan qeybta 82-aad ee Airborne oo ku yaala Fort Bragg, NC, waxay bilaabeen in ay xirxiraan muraayad maroon ah 1973-dii, halkaa oo ku yaal Fort Campbell, KY, khalkhalkaas oo qarxay - iyadoo shaqaalaha boostada xiran yihiin gaduud, bilays militari oo cagaar ah, buluug sida midabkooda.
Ft. Richardson, AK, 172-kii Bani'aadamnimada ayaa bilaabay isticmaalka beret cagaaran.
Sanadkii 1975-kii, Rangers Rangers ayaa ogolaansho ka helay Taliyaha Ciidanka Ciidamada in ay isticmaalaan boodhka madow ee madaxooda rasmiga ah.
Sanadihii soo socda, wax walba ayaa ka soo baxay gacanta, sidaas darteed 1979-kii sarkaal sare oo ka tirsan ciidamada waaxda "guntiyay". Hoggaaminta ciidamada ayaa u oggolaaday Rangers inay sii wadaan xayawaankooda madow. Sannadkii 1980, ciidammada diyaaradaha ayaa loo oggolaaday inay sii wataan xirashada qaabka maroon. Laakiin dhammaan noocyo kale oo beret ah ayaa lagu dhawaaqay xadka.
Qaar ka mid ah Wareegtada Macluumaadka Wareegtada ah ee Baabuurta Aasiyada & Qaababka. Mahad gaar ah ee MSgt Charlie Heidal ee www.romad.com iyo Lt Col Christopher Campbell wixii war ah ee ku saabsan Air Force Black Beret.
Air Force Berets
Xidho ka mid ah xayawaanka ee Air Force ayaa bilaabmay 1970-yadii. Sanadkii 1979-kii, shaqaale ka tirsan Xisbiga Xakamaynta Hawada ee Tactical (TACP) AFSC (shaqo) ayaa loo oggolaaday inay xirto boodhka madow. Sanadkii 1984, laba haween ah oo ka soo jeeda Pope Air Base Base, North Carolina ayaa soo bandhigay naqshad loogu talagalay naqshadeynta naqshadeynta iyo naqshadeynta, kaas oo loo ansixiyey dhammaan hawada TACP ee 1985. Saraakiisha Xiriiriyaha Hawada (ALOs) ayaa sidoo kale loo oggolaaday in ay xirtaan boodhka madow markay dhammeeyeen oo ka socda Koorsada La-dagaallanka Dabka ee Wadajirka ah, oo laga fuliyay Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada.
Halkii ay ka iman lahaayeen xayawaanka, waxay xirtaan astaanta darajada ee berrito. Saraakiisha Xiriiriyaha Howlaha Hawada (AMLOs) ayaa loo oggolaaday in ay xirtaan boodhka madaw ee Ciidanka Cirka, sidoo kale.
Xilligan-Maalinta Beret
Maalmahan, Mareykanka wuxuu ku yaalaa dhammaadkii ugu hooseeyay ee dhex mara xulafada NATO ee xulafada kala duwan ee kala duwan ee beretada ay soo qabteen ciidamadooda.
Inkastoo millatariga dalka intiisa badani haystaan afar ama shan midab oo loo fasaxay qaybo kala duwan, Turkiga, Giriigga iyo Luxembourg ayaa u oggolaaday kaliya saddex midab inay qaybo kala duwan oo ciidamadooda ah. Belgium waxa uu leeyahay toddoba, Boqortooyada Ingiriiska waxay leedahay kala duwanaanshaha ugu badan sagaal.
Oktoobar 17, 2001, Taliyaha Guud ee Ciidanka Gen. Eric Shinseki ayaa ku dhawaaqay in burcadda madow ay noqon doonto bilowga sanadka soo socda. Fikirkaasi wuxuu ahaa in la isticmaalo dareenka sharafnimada in beret ay muddo dheer u mataleysay Rangers si ay u kobciyaan dabeecad heer sare ah oo ka mid ah ciidanka oo dhan iyadoo horay u socotay dadaalkeedii is badalashada si ay u noqoto mid khafiif ah oo xoog badan oo la isku dheelitiran karo oo xooggan.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, go'aankaan, wuxuu dabka shidaal ka dhex abuuray bulshada rayidka ah ee Ranger iyo sidoo kale sidoo kale xeryaha labada kale ee howlaha gaarka ah, Ciidamada Gaarka ah iyo hawada.
Sanadkii 2002-dii, Ciidanku waxay samaysteen midabada madow ee ka tirsan Ciidamadda Maraykanka ee Rangers, waxaana dhammaan askarta Ciidanku billaabeen inay xidhxidhaan madow.
Bishii Juun 2011, Xoghayaha Ciidamadda John McHugh ayaa ku dhawaaqay in hannaanka rasmiga ah ee dabiiciga ah uu yahay in lagu xidho dharka dugsiga. Si kastaba ha noqotee, muraayad madow waxaa laga yaabaa in loo oggolaado dharka khaaska ah ee taliyaha talada ee munaasabadaha gaarka ah, barkiisuna wuxuu qayb ka yahay lebiska dharka ciidanka ee dhammaan qaybaha.
Ciidanka Hadda ee Ciidanka
- Black - Worn by ciidamada kale oo dhan oo leh dharka A Class iyo Uniform Service Army sida bilayska caadiga ah.
- Maroon - Unugyada loo yaqaan ' airborne- designed units' ( Beret maroon waa sheyga urureed, sidaa daraadeed waa la xirxiray dhammaan askarta loo qoondeeyay - hawada uqalantay ama aan ahayn )
- Tan "Buckskin" - Tilmaame-celinta 75aad ee Ranger, Gobollada Tababarista Ranger (Bariiska Nalka)
- Green - Kooxaha Gaarka ah Gaarka ah, John F. Kennedy Xarunta Gaarka ah ee Dagaalka iyo Dugsiga (Komando, sarkaal)
Ciidamada Cirka ee hadda jira
- Black - Tactical Air Control Party (TACP), Saraakiisha Xidhiidhka Hawada (ALO), iyo Saraakiisha Xiriiriyaha Howlaha (Air Mobility Officers) (AMLO)
- Maroon - La Dagaalanka Soogalootiga iyo Pararescuemen (PJs)
- Casaan (casaan) - La-xakameyaha Dagaalada & Saraakiisha Tababaraha Gaarka ah
- Royal Blue - Ciidamada Nabadgalyada iyo Cadawga Koowaad ee Ciidanka Cirka ee Maraykanka Maraykanka iyo Cadet Tababarka Asaasiga ah
- Gray - Hawlgallada Gaarka ah ee Farsamada Hawada
- Cagaar - Badbaadinta, Ka-hortagga, Cadaadiska iyo Ka-baxa (SERE) Khabiiro
Qaar ka mid ah Wareegtada Macluumaadka Wareegtada ah ee Baabuurta Aasiyada & Qaababka. Mahad gaar ah ee MSgt Charlie Heidal ee www.romad.com iyo Lt Col Christopher Campbell wixii war ah ee ku saabsan Air Force Black Beret.