Awoodda iyo Qaybta Hawlgabka Milatariga ee Milatariga
Servicemembers ma bedesho deganaanshahooda sharciga sababtoo ah waxay u guureen gobol kale. Sharciga Racfaanka Rayidka ee Adeegga (SCRA), wuxuu u oggol yahay dadka adeegayaasha ah inay ku noolaadaan hal gobol, haddana waxay dalbadaan gobol kale sida degenaanshahooda sharciga ah.
Isku mid maaha xaqiiqada lamaanaha. Xeerka deggenaanshaha ee xaaskiisa badanaaba waa meesha uu isagu / iyadu hadda deggan yahay. Si loo furo furiin, si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaladaha badankood, qofku waa inuu sameeyaa "shuruudaha degenaanshaha ugu yar," illaa saddex bilood illaa lix sano.
Intaa waxaa dheer, gobolada intooda badani waxay leeyihiin sharciyo u oggolaanaya xubin ama xaaska inuu u fayl gareeyo furriinka gobolka oo xubin ka ah golaha, xitaa haddii xubin ama lamaanuhu aysan ahayn deganahaas. Dawlado badan ayaa xitaa laga dhaafay "degenaanshaha ugu yar" ee ficillada furriinka milatari.
Tusaale ahaan, Airman Joseph Tribett wuxuu ku yaal saldhiga Basaska Hawada ee Travis Air , oo ku taal California. Joe's "sharci degenaansho" wuxuu ku yaalaa Nebraska. Waxaa laga soocay xaaskiisa muddo sannad ah. Jill wuxuu la noolaa waalidkeeda Denver, Colorado.
Labada dhinacba waxay codsan karaan furiinka California, Nebraska, ama Colorado. Marmarka qaarkood waxa ay faa'iido u tahay in ay dib u eegto sharciyada kala duwan ee dawladaha kala duwan ee laga yaabo in ay xukumi karaan ka hor inta aan go'aan laga gaadhin meesha uu furiinka u furayo (Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maskaxda ku hay in haddii aad ku fayl gashan tahay wadan kale oo aanad deganeyn, ujeeddooyinka maxkamadda, iwm.)
Qeybta Lacagta hawlgabka ah
Bilihii 1970-yadii iyo bilowgii 1980-yadii, maxkamad goboleedyo kala duwan ayaa bilaabay in ay daweeyaan mushaharka howlgabka milatariga ee ah "hantida beesha," badi bixinta qayb ka mid ah mushaharka guurka hore. Mid ka mid ah kiisaska noocaas ah ee California ayaa ugu dambeyntii ku dhuftey iyada oo loo marayo maxkamad federaali ah Maxkamadda Sare, oo xukuntay McCarty v McCarty , 453 US 210 (1981), sharciga federaaliga ah ma uusan u oggolaan in mushaharka hawlgabka loo qaato in lagu dhaqmo sidii hantida wadajir ah.
Go'dadeeda, maxkamad ayaa aad u caddaatay in qayb ka mid ah mushaharka hawlgabka ciidanku uusan aheyn mid dastuuri ah, laakiin sharciyada federaalka ee hadda (waqtigaa) ayaa mamnuucay in lagu daaweeyo mushaharka hawlgabka milkiilaha.
Jawaabtii, Golaha Guurtida wuxuu soo gudbiyay Sharciga Ilaalinta Xeerka Iskoolka ee hore (USFSPA) , 1982. Ficilkani wuxuu u ogolaanayaa maxkamadaha gobolka in ay daaweeyaan mushaharka hawlgabka ee la isticmaalo sida hantida kaliya ee xubin ka ah ama sida hantida xubnaha iyo lamaanaha sida waafaqsan sharciyada maxkamadda gobolka.
Ka soo horjeeda caqiidada caanka ah, ma jirto "caanjirta magic" ee ku jirta ficilka si loo go'aamiyo qaybinta habboon ee mushaharka hawlgabka. Maxkamad goboleedku waxay u qaybin kartaa mushaharka hawlgabka si kasta oo uu u doorto (oo ku xiran shuruucda gobolkaas). Tusaale ahaan, waxay noqon kartaa mid sharci ah oo maxkamad ah si loo qaybiyo mushaarka milatari ee hawlgabka 50/50 ee guurka oo laba bilood oo keliya soconayey (mar labaad, iyada oo la raacayo shuruucda gobolkaas). Dawlad goboleed ayaa sidoo kale go'aan ka gaari karta in la siiyo inta badan mushaharka hawlgabka ee xaaska hore haddii sharciyada dawladu ogolaato sida qaybtan. Taa beddelkeeda, maxkamad ayaa sidoo kale dooran karta in lagu daaweeyo mushaarka hawlgabka iyada oo ah hantida gaarka ah ee xubnaha milatari .
Si kastaba ha noqotee, si ay Waaxda Gaashaandhiga (DOD) u bixiso lacag toos ah bixinta mushaharka hawlgabka milatari hore ee xaaska, waa in la raaco xeerarka soo socda:
(1) Xaaska hore waa in uu is qabay xubin milateri mudo ugu yaraan 10 sano ah, ugu yaraan 10 sano oo ah guurka mudada gaaban ee adeegga milatariga ee la xisaabin karo mushaharka hawlgabka.
(2) Lacagaha tooska ah looma dhigi doono qeybinta mushaharka hawlgabka boqolkiiba 50 (Haddii uu jiro wax ka badan hal isqaba, waa ugu horreyn yimaadaa, ugu horeyn u adeega - ugu badnaan 50 boqolkiiba ayaa la bixin doonaa iyada oo loo qaybinayo mushaharka hawlgabka - - Tusaale ahaan, haddii maxkamad ay bixiso lambarka hore ee lamaanaha ah boqolkiiba 40 mushaharka hawlgabka, iyo maxkamad kale oo bixisa nambarka lamaanaha ah laba boqolkiiba 40 mushaharka hawlgabka, DOD Finance ayaa si toos ah u bixin doonta lambarka lamaanaha ah 40% tiradii hore ee lamaane laba boqolkiiba 10).
(3) Lacagta naafanimada looma kala qaybin karo hantida. Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxaa loo baahan yahay in la sameeyo kafateeriyada ama masruufka caruurta.
(4) Masruufka ama masruufka carruurta waxaa la bixin karaa marka lagu daro qeybinta mushaharka hawlgabka. Dhacdadan, DOD Finch ma bixinayso boqolkiiba 65 ka mid ah mushaarka loo igmaday ee shaqsiga ee qaybta hantida iyo masruufka / masruufka carruurta.
Si kale loo dhigo, aynu sheegno in Joe iyo Jill ay is qabteen muddo 12 sano ah, laakiin 8-da sano oo kaliya ayaa ahaa markii Joe uu ku jiray ciidanka. Maxkamad goboleedku waxay abaalmarinaysaa Jill 40 boqolkiiba mushaharka hawlgabka ee Joe. Xaaladdan, Jill ma codsan karto DOD inay si toos ah u siiso iyada sababta oo ah ma jiro 10 sano oo iskudubarid ah guurka Joe's adeegga milatariga. Joe, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu mas'uul ka noqon lahaa bixinta Jill hal mar bil kasta ama ay la kulmaan cawaaqib ka imaan karta maxkamada.
Haddii, dhinaca kale, Joe iyo Jill ay isguursadaan muddo 12 sano ah oo dhan 12 sanno oo dhan adeegga milatari ee joornaalka Joe, Jill waxay codsan kartaa DOD Maalgashadeeda inay bixiso qaybteeda mushaharka hawlgabka si toos ah iyada.
Mas'uul ka ah Lacagta hawlgabka ah
Mid ka mid ah qodobbada muhiimka ah ee USFSPA waxaa badanaa la iska indha-tiraa, xitaa qareeno khibrad leh: Si maxkamad dawladeed loo xukumo xubin ka tirsan mushaharka hawlgabka, maxkamaddu waa in ay awood u leedahay in ay xubin ka tahay:
(a) isaga / iyada deganaansho, marka laga reebo sababta hawlgalka milatari , ee xukunka dhulka ee maxkamada,
(b) Guryahiisa / deggeni degaankiisa maxkamad, ama
(c) Oggolaanshihiisa ogolaanshaha maxkamadda.
Aan soo qaadno murugadeena Joe iyo Jill dib usoo gali sawirka. Isku day in Joe uu ku fadhiyo California laakiin wuxuu sheeganaya in Nebraska uu yahay sharci degenaansho. Jill ee sharciga degenaanshuhu waa Colorado.
Haddii Jill faylasha loo furo Colorado, maxkamad looma oggolaanayo in loo kala qeybiyo lacagaha milatariga ee howlgabka milkiiliga ah haddii uusan Joe ogolaansho u haysanin maxkamad (maxkamadeynta lamaanayaashu ma lahan xiriir xiriir ah oo ku yaal Colorado).
Haddii Jill faylasha furriinka ee California (halkaasoo Joe ah la dhigo), arrintu way ka sii adag tahay. Iyadoo aan loo eegin "deganaansho sharci," haddii ay maxkamad go'aansato in California ay tahay gurigeeda, ma ahan deganaansho deganaansho (oo ah sababo saldhig milatari), maxkamad waxay u qaadan kartaa inay xukunto xubinimada hawlgabka mushaharka, iyadoon loo ogolaan.
Qoysasku waxay iibsadeen oo ku noolaan jireen guri, waxay aasaaseen kaniisadaha iyo ururada bulshada, carruurta waxbartay iyo koray ee gobolka, laga yaabo in loo tixgeliyo in ay joogaan halkaa inkastoo ay ku hayaan "degenaansho sharci" meelo kale.
Haddii ay tahay maxkamadaynta dawlad-goboleed ee dawlad-goboleedyada, oggolaanshaha maqnaanshaha, waa su'aal loo baahan yahay in lagu xalliyo kiiska kiiska.
Xusuusin muhiim ah :
Xukunka waa arrin aad u adag. Gobolada qaarkood, mid ayaa "ogolaan" oo kaliya adoo la xiriiraya maxkamada ama ka jawaab celinta. Ka hor inta aanad ka jawaabin waraaqo kasta oo maxkamad ah oo aan awood u laheyn mushaharkaaga hawlgabka, waxaa muhiim ah inaad la tashatid qareen oo aqoon u leh arrimaha khuseeya sida ay u dalbanayaan Xeerka Ilaalinta Xeerka Isku Xirka ee hore iyo Sharciyada gobolka taas oo ficilka maxkamadda la xareeyey. Anigu ma tilmaani karo tani ku filan!